From 1999 to 2019, black women were more likely than Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and white women to die during or shortly after pregnancy high.This is a Key findings from our recent research Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. American Indian and Alaska Native women had the greatest increased risk of maternal death during this period.
Maternal death is defined as death during or within one year of pregnancy from any cause other than accidents, homicide and suicide.
Notably, from 1999 to 2019, the maternal mortality rate for every racial and ethnic group more than doubled.Most maternal deaths are considered preventable because the most common cause of maternal death in the United States is There are very effective treatments for the problemincluding postpartum hemorrhage, heart disease, high blood pressure, blood clots, and infections.
Previous research has mainly focused on Maternal mortality rates high in southern U.S.but our results show that high-risk groups exist across the country.
For black women in 2019, the states with the highest maternal mortality ratios, or the percentage of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, were Arizona, New Jersey, New York and Georgia, and the District of Columbia. Maternal mortality rates for black women are all over 100. This compares with a national maternal mortality rate of 32.1 for all women in the United States in 2019.
Among American Indian and Alaska Native women, the states with the largest increases in maternal mortality in the first half (1999-2009) and second half (2010-2019) were Florida, Kansas, Illinois, Rhode Island and Wisconsin. In these states, the risk of maternal death increased by more than 162%. Across the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native women had higher maternal mortality rates in 2019 than in all other years. Some people besides women, including girls, transgender men and non-binary people, are also at risk of maternal death.
To prevent maternal deaths in the United States, it is critical to understand who is most at risk. Prior to our study, estimates of maternal mortality for each racial and ethnic group within the state had never been published.
U.S. maternal mortality rate is high compared to other high-income countriesalthough Health care spending per capita increases. Disparities in maternal mortality have persisted for decades.
because Most maternal deaths are preventable, the intervention has the potential to have a significant impact.better prevention Associated events, such as premature birth, is also necessary. We hope our research continues to help policy makers and healthcare leaders develop solutions to better prevent these deaths.
Recently, the Democratic Senator Corey Booker and Bob Menendez of New Jersey, Raphael Warnock of Georgia and Alex Padilla of California reintroduced Kira Johnson Act Citing our research, improving maternal health outcomes for racial and ethnic minority groups and other underserved populations.
what’s next
We wanted to investigate how the most common causes of maternal death, such as blood clots, high blood pressure and mental health problems, contributed to the overall estimates.
Understanding these trends will help clinicians and policymakers develop solutions that are as effective as possible.
Our study did not include data from pandemic years.Maternal mortality has only been reported at the country level for these years so far, but reports indicate that maternal mortality has increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and Racial disparities will only get worse.
this Research Profile Is a short introduction to interesting academic work.
Laura FleszarPublic Health Researcher, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Washington University; Alison Bryant MansaAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard University; Katherine JohnsonPublic Health Research Scientist, Washington Universityand Greg RossAssociate Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Associate Professor of Health Metrics, Washington University
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